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Recent Personal Injury and Car Accident News and Cases related to Hawaii
Congressional grants of tort immunity obtained by big business through political contributions and lobbying are finally hitting some limits. In 2005 the rental car industry managed to get immunity for harm caused by their vehicles, known as the "Graves Amendment", passed as an amendment snuck into a 900-page transportation appropriations bill without review from the relevant congressional committees. On September 14, 2007 the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Florida declared the Graves Amendment providing tort immunity to the rental car industry to be unconstitutional. The Court reasoned that federal grants of immunity for businesses traditionally regulated at the state level constitute an overreaching of Congress' power under the Commerce Clause. Vanguard Car Rental v. Huchon, Civ. Case No. 06-10082, (USDC So.Dist. Fl. 2007)
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THE CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF HAWAII
ARTICLE XIV - CODE OF ETHICS
INDEX TO THE CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF HAWAII
section titles
preamble
article I
article II
article III
article IV
article V
article VI
article VII
article VIII
article IX
article X
article XI
article XII
article XIII
article XIV
article XV
article XVI
article XVII
article XVIII
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index (pdf, 45K)
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THE CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF HAWAII
As Amended and in Force January 1, 2000
ARTICLE XIV
CODE OF ETHICS
The people of Hawaii believe that public officers and
employees must exhibit the highest standards of ethical conduct
and that these standards come from the personal integrity of each
individual in government. To keep faith with this belief, the
legislature, each political subdivision and the constitutional
convention shall adopt a code of ethics which shall apply to
appointed and elected officers and employees of the State or the
political subdivision, respectively, including members of the
boards, commissions and other bodies.
Each code of ethics shall be administered by a separate
ethics commission, except the code of ethics adopted by the
constitutional convention which shall be administered by the
state ethics commission. The members of ethics commissions shall
be prohibited from taking an active part in political management
or in political campaigns. Ethics commissioners shall be
selected in a manner which assures their independence and
impartiality.
Each code of ethics shall include, but not be limited to,
provisions on gifts, confidential information, use of position,
contracts with government agencies, post-employment, financial
disclosure and lobbyist registration and restriction. The
financial disclosure provisions shall require all elected
officers, all candidates for elective office and such appointed
officers and employees as provided by law to make public
financial disclosures. Other public officials having significant
discretionary or fiscal powers as provided by law shall make
confidential financial disclosures. All financial disclosure
statements shall include, but not be limited to, sources and
amounts of income, business ownership, officer and director
positions, ownership of real property, debts, creditor interests
in insolvent businesses and the names of persons represented
before government agencies. [Add Const Con 1978 and election
Nov 7, 1978]
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